Floor space must be at least 30 by 48 inches to accommodate a wheelchair.
The Americans With Disabilities Act requires that all public and business restrooms, whether newly constructed or remodeled, be usable by people with disabilities. This means at least one of each type of fixture or feature must meet handicapped requirements. Mobility-Advisor states that many consumers having their homes constructed or refurbished are incorporating ADA guidelines. Having an ADA bathroom design can be a plus in the event you or a family member should become disabled.
Clear Floor Space
Floor space must be at least 30 by 48 inches to accommodate a wheelchair. Wheelchairs require 60 inches in diameter to make a 180 degree turn. Space can be positioned for a forward or parallel approach to equipment, according to the Adaptive Access website.The floor should be non-slippery, and tile or vinyl is not recommended unless it has a rough surface. Bathroom carpeting at home will be OK if a wheelchair can roll or wheel over it.
Lighting
Lighting must be bright and easy to operate from a wheelchair. An article titled "Bathroom Design for the Handicapped" on the The Home Improvement Corner website, states that lights should also have dimmer switches for people who cannot tolerate bright lights.
Controls and Operating Mechanisms
The Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities (ADAAG) covers the construction and alteration of private and public sector facilities, including homes built for independent living. Push buttons, knobs and levers must be easily operable with one hand. The ADA Accessibility website adds that self-closing faucets remaining open at least 10 seconds are acceptable.
Showers and Baths
ADA wheelchair showers must provide a dimension of 60 by 30 inches. Controls and the spray unit have to be a maximum of 27 inches from the side wall where a seat is attached. Bathtubs and showers need to be accessed with ease, either by grab handles or full openings for wheelchair access. The Home Improvement Corner reports that manufacturers now construct bathtubs for individuals wanting ADA accessibility at home. Side opening doors allow individuals to enter without lifting their legs over a ledge.
Sinks and Counter Tops
Counter tops or sinks should not exceed a height of 34 inches. Also, avoid counter tops with sharp edges. A clear floor space in front of the sink must be at least 30 inches wide and 48 inches deep with no more than 19 inches extending under the lavatory to allow a forward approach by people in wheelchairs. Sinks installed in a counter top should be within 2 inches of the front edge for maximum accessibility. Insulate plumbing or place it close enough to the wall to eliminate any contact.
Toilets
Horizontal grab bars must be mounted behind the toilet and on the nearest wall or partition, and seat heights must be 17 inches to 19 inches above the finished floor. Flush controls must be placed on the open side of the toilet with the most clear floor space and mounted no higher than 44 inches above the finished floor.
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